How does a flooded lead acid battery work?

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Flooded Lead Acid Batteries
2. Working Mechanism of Flooded Lead Acid Batteries
3. Performance Parameters and Numerical Analysis
4. Xiaoyang Power Sources Company Solutions
5. References

Introduction to Flooded Lead Acid Batteries

Flooded lead acid batteries have been a cornerstone in energy storage solutions since their invention in 1859 by Gaston Planté. These batteries are characterized by the presence of a liquid electrolyte and have been widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and reliability. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their working mechanism, performance parameters, and solutions provided by Xiaoyang Power Sources Company.

Working Mechanism of Flooded Lead Acid Batteries

Flooded lead acid batteries comprise several key components: lead dioxide (PbO₂) at the positive plate, sponge lead (Pb) at the negative plate, and a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) electrolyte. The chemical reactions occurring within the battery during discharging and charging involve the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy and vice versa.

Discharge Cycle

During discharge, lead dioxide and sponge lead react with sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate (PbSO₄) and water (H₂O), releasing electrical energy in the process. The reaction can be represented as follows:

• Positive Plate: PbO₂ + 4H⁺ + 2e⁻ → Pb²⁺ + 2H₂O
• Negative Plate: Pb + SO₄²⁻ → PbSO₄ + 2e⁻

Charge Cycle

In the charging phase, an external electrical source applies a voltage greater than the battery's voltage, reversing the chemical reaction. Lead sulfate and water decompose back into sponge lead, lead dioxide, and sulfuric acid.

• Positive Plate: PbSO₄ + 2H₂O → PbO₂ + SO₄²⁻ + 4H⁺ + 2e⁻
• Negative Plate: PbSO₄ + 2e⁻ → Pb + SO₄²⁻

Performance Parameters and Numerical Analysis

The performance of flooded lead acid batteries is assessed through several parameters such as energy capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, cycle life, and state of charge. These parameters can be quantitatively analyzed as follows:

• Energy Capacity: Typical values range from 20Ah to over 1000Ah depending on the size and application.
• Charge/Discharge Efficiency: Generally around 70-85%.
• Cycle Life: Ranges from 200 to over 1000 cycles, influenced by the depth of discharge and maintenance.
• State of Charge (SOC): Measured as a percentage, indicates the available capacity relative to its maximum capacity.

Xiaoyang Power Sources Company Solutions

Xiaoyang Power Sources Company is a leading provider of advanced battery solutions, offering a range of flooded lead acid batteries tailored for various applications. Their products are designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity.

• Enhanced Design: Utilizes advanced materials to reduce corrosion and increase battery lifespan.
• Maintenance Features: Products include low-maintenance solutions with sealed and spill-proof designs.
• Custom Solutions: Offers customized battery solutions to meet the specific needs of industrial, automotive, and renewable energy sectors.

References

Comprehensive information on the chemical reactions, performance parameters, and company solutions has been referenced from scientific journals, industry standards, and company specifications.

• Gaston Planté's original papers on lead acid batteries.
• Industry standards by the Battery Council International (BCI).
• Technical specifications from Xiaoyang Power Sources Company.